Knee Replacement

A total knee replacement (TKR) or total knee arthroplasty is a surgery used to replace a knee joint that is affected by arthritis.

Total Knee Replacement surgery replaces the arthritic knee joint with an artificial metal or plastic replacement parts called the 'prostheses'. These include replacing the:

end of the femur (thigh bone)
end of the tibia (shin bone)
plastic inserted between them and
usually the patella (knee cap).

The artificial knee joint is made from a surgical-grade metal alloy with a special wear resistant plastic insert. Total Knee Replacement surgery are one of the most successful operations available today with over 90% still functioning well at 15 years.

Prior to surgery you will usually have tried some conservative treatments such as simple analgesics, weight loss, anti-inflammatory medications, modification of your activities, canes, or physical therapy.

Once these have failed it is time to consider surgery.

Candidates for Total Knee Replacement

The procedure is usually recommended for older patients who suffer from pain and loss of function from arthritis and have failed results from other conservative methods of therapy.

Each patient is assessed individually but Total Knee Replacement candidature is far greater than partial knee replacement and can include candidates who are:

between 20 to over 80 years of age
suffering pain
restricted mobility interferes with your lifestyle

The outcome of the surgery can address patients with a greater range of arthritic stages and conditions.

Benefits of Total Knee Replacement Surgery

The decision to proceed with TKR surgery is a cooperative one between you, Bowral Orthopaedics, family and other medical professionals.

The benefits following surgery are relief of symptoms of arthritis. These include

Severe pain that limits your everyday activities including walking, shopping, visiting friends, getting in and out of chair, gardening, etc.
Pain waking you at night
Deformity- either bowleg or knock knees
Stiffness

The benefits are that older patients or severe arthritic patient have a clear solution to help relieve symptoms and pain.

Components Prostheses

The artificial knee joint consists of:

An upper metal component shaped and sized to fit to femur bone contour
A flat metal tibial component made of metal alloys fixed to the bone
A plastic insert designed to bear significant wear
A patellar button which resurfaces the back of your knee cap.

Total Knee Replacement Procedure

The procedure is designed to be performed with minimal local trauma

We will cut down to the bone to expose the bones of the knee joint.
the damaged portions of the femur and tibia are then cut at the appropriate angles using specialized jigs.
trial components are then inserted to check the accuracy of these cuts and determine the thickness of plastic required to place in between these two components.
The patella (knee cap) may be replaced depending on a number of factors and our choice.
The real components are then inserted with or without cement and the knee is again checked to make sure things are working properly.
The knee is then carefully closed and drains usually inserted, and the knee dressed and bandaged.

Each knee is individual and knee replacements take this into account by having different sizes for your knee. If there is more than the usual amount of bone loss, sometimes extra pieces of metal or bone are added.

Exercise Preparation

To help prepare you for the surgery a preoperative physiotherapist appointment is required to:

fit crutches (which should be brought to hospital)
instruction on partial weight-bearing crutches useage
learning how to reduce inflammation (icing of the knees), and
learn postoperative exercise (co contractions, leg lifts with the knee extended, etc).